Timely information regarding nutrition is critical to improving human health and well-being and safeguarding

the environment. The mission of the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) is in part to provide such information,

and we are pleased to present the 11th edition of Present Knowledge in Nutrition.

First published in 1953, Present Knowledge in Nutrition was launched with the goal of providing readers with the

most comprehensive and current information covering the broad fields within the nutrition discipline. Reflecting the

global relevance of nutrition, this edition’s authors are from a variety of countries and reflect a “who’s who” of

nutritional science.

ILSI is a worldwide nonprofit organization that seeks to foster science for the public good and collaboration

among scientists, all governed by ILSI’s core principles of scientific integrity. With 16 entities worldwide, ILSI

published 70 scientific articles globally in 2019 and hosted 152 workshops addressing nutrition, food safety, and

sustainability. ILSI is a world leader in creating publiceprivate partnerships that advance science for the betterment

of public health and achieve positive, real-world impact.

We trust the two volumes of Present Knowledge in Nutrition will be valuable resources for researchers, health

professionals, clinicians, educators, and advanced nutrition students. ILSI is proud of the contributions made by the

authors and editors of this key reference, and we are excited to advance the discipline of nutrition with this

publication.