Diabetes is exacting a serious toll in the United States and around the world as a leading cause of blindness, amputations, and kidney failure and as a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke. Those hardest hit by diabetes are often those who also face health disparities. In this edition of Diabetes and Health Disparities: Community-Based Approaches for Racial and Ethnic Populations, Liburd and colleagues provide the reader with a comprehensive review of the literature related to the epidemiology; anthropologic research; literature from public health, social science, and community-based interventions and evaluation; and case studies from the field to provide a broad-based public health framework to address racial and ethnic disparities in diabetes.