This is a book on the philosophy of medicine. By philosophy of medicine is meant a critique of the concepts and methods used in medicine. This is a more encompassing and philosophical discipline than bioethics. Bioethics as commonly practiced is rather seen as a pseudo-discipline, not biology, not medicine, not ethics, and not philosophy. Bioethics is a misnomer. Bioethics suffers from trying to invent a new subject instead of integrating medical issues into the already existing philosophy of medicine and philosophy generally. The new invention of the subject of bioethics is based on a defense of cultural institutions (law, church and religion, culture, custom, etc.) to control physicians and healthcare workers. But the areas of ethics and philosophy are already well established so that no new area, bioethics,
needs to be created. Bioethics does not replace ethics or the philosophy of medicine. In this sense, the philosophy of medicine includes a critique of bioethics.